Originally developed by clark hull and then expanded upon by ken spence, the drive reduction theory of motivation was one of the first great efforts to explain how behaviors occur with individuals. The s o r must be subtracted from effective reaction potential to calculate momentary effective reaction. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951. The classic hull spence drive theory emphasizes how arousal affects performance with little regard for any cognitive awareness by the individual.
Motivation and emotionbook2017drive reduction theory of. Therefore hull s theory was called a drive reduction theory of motivation. The theory that learning is dependent on the alleviation or satisfaction of a drive. Drive reduction food drive reduction organism physiological aim of drive reduction is homeostasis maintenance of steady internal state, e. In relation to learned behavior, his theory asserts that the reduction of drives acts as a reinforcement for behavior. In this theory, the reduction of drives is what creates motivation. This learning theory, developed by hull in 1943, is known as drive reduction theory. Learning is the result of several factors that determine the likelihood of a specific behavior. C humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal. Clark hulls drive reduction theory explained youtube.
For example, if its been a while since you ate, your blood sugar levels will drop below normal. The drive reduction theory was developed by behaviorist clark hull as a way of accounting for learning, motivation and behavior. Hull s attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. Hull was one of the first theorists to try to create a theory designed to explain all behavior. According to hull, primary reinforcement must involve drive reduction. In early attachment theory, behavioural drive reduction was proposed by dollard and miller 1950 as an explanation of the mechanisms behind early attachment in infants. Low blood sugar induces a physiological need and a corresponding drive state i. Hull defined habit strength as the strength of the bond between a stimulus and a responsethe bond was literally considered learning wilson p. Class presentation created using powtoon free sign up at create animated videos and animated presentations for free.
According to hull, conditioned inhibition is the learned response of not responding. Hull used specific formulas to predict the likelihood of specific behaviors. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Drive, d incentive motivation reward, k habit strength prior experience, h inhibition due to absence of reward, i. The drive reduction theory was created by behaviorist clark hull 1943. If you cant find good practice tests, build your own and learn while you. In its simplest form, the theory claimed that no learning occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward that would reduce the drive and satisfy its related physiological need. Clark leonard hull 18841952 chapter 6 2 clark leonard hull 1. Drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were influenced by other behaviorists like ivan pavlov, edward thorndike and edward tolman, but also by charles darwins theory of evolution. In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. Hull developed a version of behaviorism in which the stimulus s affects the organism o and the resulting.
His term drive refers to a state of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs. Drive reduction theory general drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were in. Based on ideas proposed by other great theorists such as pavlov, watson, darwin and thorndike, and expanded by. As a general learning theory it tried to explain all behavior and the likelihood of its appearance. Drivereduction theory was intended to explain the fundamental principle of.
The pros of drive theory relate to the way it explains achievement and survival. Clark hulls drivereduction theory suggests that human motivation is rooted in biological needs that lead to drives that motivate behavior. Hull, the drivereduction theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were influenced by other behaviorists like ivan. On completion of this chapter, you will have developed a thorough understanding of what the drive reduction theory of motivation is, the origin of the theory, how it can be defined and what contributions the theory has made in understanding human behaviour and motivation, influence of the theory on performance as well as the role of the theory. According to this theory, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. Hull was interested in applying mathematical formulas to psychology, and it is simple to see how this works with the drive reduction theory. Drive reduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drive reduction theory. Learn my test presents clark hull s drive reduction theory. Hull believed that when a need occurred again, the animal would repeat a behavior that reduced the drive. This famous theory by hull from the 1940s and 1950s did a good job of explaining.
Hull used specific formulas to predict the likelihood of. No other psychological theory was so daringly precise. Drive reduction theory by hull psychology quiz quizizz. In this theory, hull proposed a persons behaviour is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies.
Drive reduction theory of motivation explained hrf. Hull, the drive reduction theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. In his theory, hull tried to explain behavior and learning through drive reduction. The animal searched for food in order to reduce the hunger drive. As expected, hull and his students found that length of deprivation and number of times rewarded resulted in a faster running speed toward the reward. Psyc320 quiz 2 chapters 6 and 7 copy psyc320 test 2. It was one of the popular theories of motivation during the 1940s and the 50s, not only as a theory to explain motivation, but also learning and behavior. Why was hulls theory called a drivereduction theory.
This theory of motivation states that we are motivated by a need to attain, maintain, or reestablish some goal that aids survival. Pdf drive reduction theory general drive reduction. Because of this, hull s drive reduction theory mirrored some of the same concepts as theories of learning and was commonly used to explain behavior and learning during the 1940s and 1950s. Hull based his theory on the concept of homeostasis, the idea that the body works actively to maintain a certain state of balance or. There are several approaches to explain motivation in psychology. However, in hull s theory, drive reduction or need satisfaction plays a much more important role in behavior than in other frameworks i. In this theory, hull proposed a persons behaviour is an. His conclusion was that drive and habit equally contribute to performance of whichever behavior is instrumental in drive reduction. Behavioural drive reduction theory suggests that infants are born with innate drives, such as hunger and thirst, which only the caregiver, usually the mother, can reduce.
According to the theory, the reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation. This theory states that when behaviours occur, what initiates the process is a physical stimulus and the final stage is a response hull, 1943. It is much like how you feel thirsty after taking a. Hull s drive theory drive an intense internal force that motivates behavior. Drive is an excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbanceseward, 1956 drive theory is based on the principle that organisms are born with certain psychological needs and that a negative state of tension is created when. The theory was created by behaviorist clark hull and further developed by his collaborator kenneth spence. Clark leonard hull developed drive reduction theory, one of the earliest theories of motivation. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology. If you have achieved homeostasis, your motivation is. Hull believed that behavior was one of the ways that an organism maintains this balance. Theorists such as clark hull and kenneth spence suggest that drive reduction is a major cause of learning and behavior. Key to drive reduction theory is the idea of reinforcement. Like other forms of behavior theory, reinforcement is the primary factor that determines learning. One of these approaches is the drive reduction approach of motivation.
Drive reduction theory by clark hull clark hull was born in 1884. Drive reduction theory was first developed by clark hull in 1943. Hull in later years decide to rename his drive reduction theory to be called drive stimulus reduction theory, to emphasize the reduction or complete removal of stimuli elements from the drive that occurs upon the organism completing a correct response sought after on the part of the experimenter. These needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis. Drive reduction theory states that we have internal drives, such as thirst, which motivate us into certain behaviours.
Hull s theory inspired an enormous amount of research hull believed the animal would repeat any behavior that reduced a drive. Hull s theory was called a drive reduction theory of motivation. Hull believed the animal would repeat any behavior that reduced a drive, if the same need occurred again. Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need. The drive reduction theory of motivation became popular during the 1940s and 1950s as a way to explain behavior, learning, and motivation. Hull s theory inspired an enormous amount of research. This principle was first proposed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943 to explain the conditions under which learning takes place. Remember that the best way to study is to take practice tests. Drive presents a stimulus in form of a biological need like. For instance, thirst, hunger and the need for warmth are examples of drives. Drive reduction theory was first established by clark hull.
Also known as drive reduction theory, it postulates that human behavior could. Reducing a drive provided reinforcement for behavior. Hulls motivational theory must be considered in the context of his theory of learning. According to the theory, drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat. Theories of learning and its educational implications. B primary drives are triggered in a state of satiety.
Hull said that a persons needs act as internal stimuli, and that a person reduces the stimuli by taking action to satisfy the needs. Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943, as the first theory for motivation. Drivereduction theory and human behavior verywell mind. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was the first theory for motivation dewey, 2007. A habit is formed when an action is met with an outcome that reduces need.
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